Virūpākṣa
Guardian of the West
Deva
Place of Origin: India
Origin Date: Ancient times
Domain: Protection, balance
Symbols: Snake, trident
Attributes: Protector of the West, guardian of balance
Epithets: None
Equivalents: None
Religion: Buddhism
Sacred Texts: Mentioned in various Buddhist scriptures
Iconography: Depicted holding a snake or a trident, often in a protective stance
Relations: Other Heavenly Kings
Description
Virūpākṣa is one of the Four Heavenly Kings in Buddhist cosmology. He is the guardian of the West and the leader of the nāgas and pūtanas. He is often depicted holding a snake or a trident, symbolizing his role as a protector of the western direction.
Narratives
Virūpākṣa is a significant figure in Buddhist mythology.
The Birth and Role of Virūpākṣa
Virūpākṣa is one of the Four Heavenly Kings, also known as the Lokapalas. He is the King of the West and is responsible for protecting the western direction and maintaining balance among the celestial beings. Virūpākṣa is often depicted with a snake and a stupa, symbolizing his vigilance and protection of the Dharma. He is known for his ability to see all that happens in his realm, warding off any threats to the Dharma.
Virūpākṣa and the Four Heavenly Kings
The Four Heavenly Kings, including Virūpākṣa, are guardians of the world and protectors of the Dharma. Each king presides over one of the cardinal directions. Virūpākṣa, as the King of the West, works alongside the other kings to preserve the sacred wheel of Dharma and ensure its stability and propagation throughout the world. They are venerated in Buddhist temples and are often depicted at the entrances, guarding the doorways.
The Hideous One in the Himavat: Tales of the Siddha Virūpākṣa
Virūpākṣa, also known as Virūpa, is an 8th–9th century Indian mahasiddha and yogi. He is known for his significant contributions to tantric Buddhism and is the source of important cycles of teachings. Virūpa is particularly associated with the Lamdré (Path–Fruit) system held by the Sakya school. He is also known for performing various magical feats (siddhis) and converting non-Buddhists. His life and teachings are documented in various texts and lectures.
Virūpākṣa and the Vajra Verses
Virūpākṣa is attributed with the Vajra Verses, pith instructions on the Hevajra tantra. These teachings are significant in the tantric Buddhist tradition and are part of the Lamdré system. Virūpākṣa's contributions to these teachings highlight his role as a key figure in the development of tantric practices.
Virūpākṣa and the Stopping of the Sun
One of the famous episodes in Virūpākṣa's hagiography is when he stopped the sun in the sky. This miraculous feat is a testament to his extraordinary powers and his mastery of tantric practices. This story is often depicted in Buddhist art and literature, showcasing Virūpākṣa's significance as a mahasiddha
Worship Beliefs and Practices of Virūpākṣa
Virūpākṣa, also known as Kōmokuten in Japanese, is a significant figure in Buddhism. He is one of the Four Heavenly Kings and is considered a guardian of the western direction. Virūpākṣa is revered as a protector and a divine being with the ability to see great distances and the karma of sentient beings.
Core Beliefs
Guardian King: Virūpākṣa is one of the Four Heavenly Kings, specifically the guardian of the western direction. He is believed to protect the world from evil and ensure the prosperity and well-being of all beings.
Divine Eye: Virūpākṣa possesses the divine eye (divyena cakṣuṣā), which allows him to see great distances and perceive the karma of sentient beings. This attribute emphasizes his role as a vigilant protector.
Leader of the Nāgas: Virūpākṣa is the leader of the nāgas, serpent-like beings that are often associated with water and fertility. He is believed to have control over these beings and their influence on the natural world.
Attributes and Significance
Depictions: Virūpākṣa is often depicted holding a snake or a trident, symbolizing his control over the nāgas and his protective nature. He is also shown with a fierce expression, clad in armor, and sometimes holding a lasso to snare those who stray from the Buddhist path.
Cultural Influence: Virūpākṣa's influence extends across various Buddhist cultures, including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Tibetan traditions. He is revered as a powerful guardian and protector of the Dharma.
Protector of the Dharma: Virūpākṣa is seen as a protector of the Buddha's teachings (Dharma). He is believed to safeguard practitioners and ensure the preservation and propagation of the Dharma.
Practices of Worship
Rituals and Ceremonies: Devotees perform various rituals and ceremonies to honor Virūpākṣa. These include offerings of food, incense, and other goods to seek his favor and protection.
Sacred Sites: Temples and shrines dedicated to Virūpākṣa can be found throughout Buddhist regions. These sites are often adorned with statues and images of Virūpākṣa, where devotees can offer prayers and make offerings.
Offerings: Offerings to Virūpākṣa typically include food, incense, and jewels. These offerings symbolize gratitude and the desire for prosperity and protection.
Festivals and Traditions
Festivals: Various festivals are held in honor of Virūpākṣa, particularly in regions where his worship is prominent. These festivals often include processions, rituals, and communal feasting.
Prayers: Devotees pray to Virūpākṣa for protection, wealth, and the successful practice of the Dharma. Traditional prayers often invoke his role as a guardian and benefactor.
Traditions: The worship of Virūpākṣa is deeply intertwined with the daily lives of Buddhist practitioners. His influence extends beyond religious practices, as he is also revered in various cultural and folk traditions.
Virūpākṣa's role as a guardian king and protector of the Dharma embodies the core values and beliefs of Buddhism, emphasizing the importance of protection, prosperity, and the preservation of the Dharma.