Place of Origin: Greece
Origin Date: Ancient times
Domain: Marriage, family, childbirth
Symbols: Peacock, cow, pomegranate, diadem
Attributes: Marriage, family, childbirth, jealousy, protection of women
Epithets: Hera Queen, Hera of Argos, Queen of the Gods, Cow-Eyed, Argive
Equivalents: Juno (Roman mythology)
Religion: Greek mythology
Sacred Texts: References in "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" by Homer, "Theogony" by Hesiod
Iconography: Hera is often depicted as a regal woman wearing a crown or diadem, sometimes holding a scepter or accompanied by a peacock, which symbolizes her majesty and beauty.
Relations: Zeus (husband and brother), Ares (son), Hephaestus (son), Hebe (daughter), Eileithyia (daughter)
Description
Hera is the ancient Greek goddess of marriage, family, and childbirth. She is the wife and sister of Zeus, the king of the gods, and is often depicted as a regal and majestic figure. Hera is known for her jealous and vengeful nature, particularly towards Zeus's numerous lovers and illegitimate offspring. Despite this, she is also revered as a protector of women and a guardian of marriage and family.
Narratives
The Birth of Hera:
Hera is the daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. She is the sister and wife of Zeus, and the queen of the Olympian gods. Hera is often depicted as a regal and majestic figure, representing marriage, family, and childbirth.
The Marriage of Hera and Zeus:
Zeus fell in love with Hera and pursued her relentlessly. To win her affection, Zeus transformed himself into a distressed cuckoo. Hera, feeling compassion for the bird, took it to her breast to warm it. Zeus then revealed his true form and persuaded Hera to marry him. Their marriage, however, was tumultuous due to Zeus's numerous infidelities, despite this she remains his loyal wife and queen of the gods.
Hera and the Birth of Hephaestus:
Hera gave birth to Hephaestus, the god of blacksmiths and fire. In some versions of the myth, Hephaestus was born with a deformity, and Hera, disgusted, threw him from Mount Olympus. Hephaestus survived and later sought revenge by trapping Hera in a magical throne.
Hera and the Birth of Ares:
Hera and Zeus had several children together, including Ares, the god of war. Ares was known for his aggressive and warlike nature, often causing strife and conflict among the gods and mortals.
Hera and the Judgment of Paris:
Hera was one of the three goddesses involved in the Judgment of Paris. Paris, a prince of Troy, was asked to judge who among Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite was the fairest. Hera offered Paris power and kingship, but he ultimately chose Aphrodite, who was awarded the golden apple, leading to the events of the Trojan War.
Hera and The Twelve Labors of Heracles:
Hera harbored a deep hatred for Heracles, the son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene. She attempted to kill Heracles multiple times, including sending snakes to his crib when he was an infant. Hera's jealousy of Zeus's son Heracles led her to impose the Twelve Labors upon him, hoping to see him fail and perish. However, Heracles ultimately succeeded in completing all the tasks.
Hera and Io:
Hera discovered that Zeus had fallen in love with the mortal woman Io. In a fit of jealousy, Hera transformed Io into a cow and set the many-eyed giant Argus to watch over her. Zeus eventually sent Hermes to rescue Io by slaying Argus.
Hera and Semele:
Hera, jealous of Zeus's affair with the mortal woman Semele, tricked Semele into asking Zeus to reveal his true form. When Zeus did so, his divine presence incinerated Semele. However, Zeus saved their unborn child, Dionysus, by sewing him into his thigh until he was ready to be born.
Hera and the Trojan War:
During the Trojan War, Hera sided with the Greeks and actively worked against the Trojans. She used her influence and cunning to aid the Greek heroes and hinder the Trojans, showcasing her strategic and vengeful nature.
Hera and the Golden Fleece:
Hera played a role in the quest for the Golden Fleece by aiding Jason and the Argonauts. She provided guidance and support to Jason, helping him overcome various challenges and ultimately succeed in his quest.
Worship Beliefs and Practices of Hera
Hera is a significant figure in Greek mythology, revered as the queen of the gods and the goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, and family. She is associated with the protection of women and the sanctity of marriage.
Core Beliefs
Queen of the Gods: Hera is believed to be the queen of the gods, ruling alongside her husband, Zeus. Her presence represents the authority and power of the divine feminine.
Goddess of Marriage and Family: Hera is associated with marriage and family, embodying the sanctity and importance of these institutions. Her presence ensures the protection and well-being of women, children, and families.
Protector of Women: Hera is seen as a protector of women, ensuring their safety and well-being. Her role highlights the importance of maternal care and the protection of women in society.
Attributes and Significance
Depictions: Hera is often depicted as a regal and majestic figure, sometimes shown with symbols of marriage and family, such as a crown, a scepter, and a peacock. She is also depicted with her children, emphasizing her role as a mother.
Symbols: Common symbols associated with Hera include the peacock, the crown, and the scepter. These symbols are used in rituals and ceremonies to invoke her presence and blessings.
Cultural Hero: The stories and depictions of Hera are passed down through generations, maintaining their significance in Greek culture and mythology. She is a symbol of marriage, family, and the protection of women.
Practices of Worship
Rituals and Ceremonies: Devotees perform various rituals and ceremonies to honor Hera. These include offerings of food, drink, and other goods to seek her favor and protection. Rituals often take place in temples and sanctuaries dedicated to Hera, where devotees can offer prayers and make offerings.
Sacred Sites: Temples and shrines dedicated to Hera can be found throughout Greek regions. One of the most famous sites is the Heraion of Samos, a large sanctuary dedicated to Hera. These sites are often adorned with statues and images of Hera, where devotees can offer prayers and make offerings.
Offerings: Offerings to Hera typically include food, drink, and items related to marriage and family, such as flowers and jewelry. These offerings symbolize gratitude and the desire for protection and blessings.
Festivals and Traditions
Heraia: The Heraia is a festival held in honor of Hera, celebrating marriage, family, and the protection of women. The festival often includes rituals, feasting, and offerings to seek Hera's blessings for the coming season.
Cultural Celebrations: Hera's story may be included in cultural celebrations and festivals that honor Greek heritage and traditions. These gatherings often include music, dance, and storytelling.
Prayers: Devotees pray to Hera for protection, family harmony, and the successful practice of their spiritual beliefs. Traditional prayers often invoke her role as the goddess of marriage and family.
Hera's role as the queen of the gods and the goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, and family embodies the core values and beliefs of Greek mythology, emphasizing the importance of marriage, family, and the protection of women.