top of page
Followers:
Islam
Founder: Prophet Muhammad
Place of Origin: Mecca and Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia.
Founded: 7th century CE.
Number of Followers: Islam has approximately 1.9 billion adherents worldwide, making it the second-largest religion.
Major Figures: Muhammad (the Prophet and founder), along with key figures such as Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali (the first four caliphs).
Festivals: Important festivals include Eid al-Fitr (celebrating the end of Ramadan), Eid al-Adha (commemorating the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son), and Mawlid al-Nabi (celebrating the birth of the Prophet Muhammad).
Sacred Texts: The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad. Other important texts include the Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet) and the Sunnah (practices of the Prophet).
Rituals: Islamic rituals include the Five Pillars of Islam: Shahada (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
Origins and Development
Islam: Origins and Development
Islam is one of the world's major monotheistic religions, with over 1.8 billion followers globally. It originated in the 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula and is based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Islam emphasizes submission to the will of Allah (God) and follows the holy book, the Quran.
Origins and Founder
The Arabian Peninsula Before Islam
Before the advent of Islam, the Arabian Peninsula was characterized by a mix of polytheistic, Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian communities. The region was marked by tribal divisions and frequent conflicts.
The Life of Muhammad
-
Birth and Early Life: Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 CE into the Quraysh tribe. Orphaned at a young age, he was raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle.
-
Revelation: At the age of 40, Muhammad began receiving revelations from Allah through the angel Gabriel. These revelations continued for 23 years and were later compiled into the Quran.
-
Preaching in Mecca: Muhammad's message of monotheism and social justice initially faced strong opposition from the Quraysh leaders. Despite persecution, he gained a small but dedicated group of followers.
-
Hijra to Medina: In 622 CE, facing increasing hostility, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina. This event, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Growth and Expansion
Establishment of the Muslim Community
-
Medina: In Medina, Muhammad established a unified Muslim community (Ummah) and became both a spiritual and political leader. He introduced laws and practices that would form the foundation of Islamic society.
-
Conquest of Mecca: In 630 CE, Muhammad and his followers peacefully conquered Mecca, and the city became the spiritual center of Islam.
The Caliphate
-
Rashidun Caliphs: After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, leadership passed to the Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs): Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This period saw the rapid expansion of Islam beyond the Arabian Peninsula.
-
Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates: The Umayyad (661-750 CE) and Abbasid (750-1258 CE) Caliphates further expanded the Islamic empire, spreading Islam across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Spain and Central Asia.
Key Beliefs and Practices
The Five Pillars of Islam
-
Shahada (Faith): The declaration of faith, stating that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.
-
Salah (Prayer): Performing five daily prayers facing Mecca.
-
Zakat (Charity): Giving a portion of one's wealth to the needy.
-
Sawm (Fasting): Observing fasting during the month of Ramadan.
-
Hajj (Pilgrimage): Undertaking a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if physically and financially able.
The Quran and Hadith
-
Quran: The holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of Allah as revealed to Muhammad.
-
Hadith: Collections of sayings and actions of Muhammad, which provide guidance on various aspects of life and supplement the Quran.
Islamic Law and Theology
Sharia
Sharia is the moral and legal framework of Islam, derived from the Quran and Hadith. It covers all aspects of life, including worship, family relations, business, and criminal justice.
Sunni and Shia Islam
The major division within Islam is between Sunni and Shia Muslims. This split originated from a disagreement over the rightful successor to Muhammad. Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the Rashidun Caliphs, while Shias hold that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was the rightful successor.
Cultural and Scientific Contributions
Golden Age of Islam
During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Islamic world experienced a Golden Age, marked by significant advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. Scholars translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman texts, contributing to the preservation and expansion of knowledge.
Art and Architecture
Islamic art and architecture are renowned for their intricate designs, calligraphy, and geometric patterns. Notable examples include the Alhambra in Spain, the Great Mosque of Cordoba, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
Modern Islam
Global Presence
Today, Islam is a global religion with diverse cultural expressions. It is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, and has significant communities in Europe, the Americas, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Contemporary Issues
Modern Islam faces various challenges, including political conflicts, debates over interpretations of Sharia, and the integration of Muslim communities in non-Muslim-majority countries. Despite these challenges, Islam continues to grow and adapt to the contemporary world.
Conclusion
Islam's origins in the 7th century Arabian Peninsula have led to the development of a rich and diverse religious tradition. From the life of Muhammad and the early caliphates to the Golden Age of Islamic civilization and its modern global presence, Islam has profoundly influenced the world. Its core beliefs and practices, centered on the Five Pillars, continue to guide the lives of millions of Muslims worldwide.
Historical Timeline
Divine Figure
In Islam, Allah is the singular, all-powerful deity who is the creator and sustainer of the universe. The name "Allah" is derived from the Arabic word for God and is used by Muslims around the world to refer to the one true God. Allah is unique, without any partners, children, or equals, and is characterized by attributes such as mercy, compassion, and justice. The belief in Allah's oneness, known as Tawhid, is the foundation of Islamic faith. Muslims believe that Allah has revealed His will through prophets, with the final and complete revelation being the Quran, delivered to the Prophet Muhammad. This section aims to provide a deeper understanding of Allah's significance in Islam and the ways in which Muslims honor and worship Him.
Allah
The Almighty, The All-Powerful, The Creator
Islam Bookshelf
Welcome to Our Islam Bookshelf!
Islam has a rich tradition of sacred texts and influential writings that have shaped the faith over centuries. Explore our curated collection of Islamic literature, showcasing a variety of titles available for your reading pleasure.
For a comprehensive view and to filter all available books, please visit our Main Collection.
Note: The back button will take you to the main collection.
Qur'an Compendium
The Quran is considered the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning in 610 CE and concluding in 632 CE1. The revelations were delivered by the angel Gabriel and were later compiled into the Quran as we know it today.
Surah Title | Revelation | Date of Revelation | Language | Faiths | Surah Type | Current Usage | Historical Context | Themes | Associated Texts | Translations | Related Artifacts | Influence | Controversies | Canonical Status | Number of Abrogations | Chapter # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Fatihah (The Opening) | Mecca | 609 CE - Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Opening - Meccan | Recitation in daily prayer (Salah) | One of the earliest revelations of the Quran, recited in every unit of Muslim prayers Serves as the introduction to the Quran and a gateway to its understanding. | Praise to Allah, seeking guidance, pathway to success, mercy, and the Day of Judgement. | Hadiths related to the significance of Al-Fatihah | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Integral part of daily prayers and Islamic teachings. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 1 |
Al-Baqarah (The Cow) | Medina | 624-625 CE - Early Medinan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its comprehensive guidance for personal and communal life. | Revealed after the migration to Medina, addressing legal matters, social justice, and guidance for personal conduct. | Faith, law, guidance, and stories of past prophets. | Hadliths related to the verses in Al-Baqarah. Linked to the story of the Golden Calf in Jewish scripture | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic jurisprudence. Guidance for Muslims on various aspects of life | Debate over abrogation verses. | Canonical | 0 | 2 |
Aal-e-Imran (The Family of Imran) | Medina | Early Medinan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance. | Addresses the Christians and invites them to accept the guidance of the Quran. | Faith, guidance, and the stories of past prophets. | Hadiths related to the verses in Aal-e-Imran | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on interfaith dialogue and understanding | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 3 |
An-Nisa (The Women) | Medina | Early Medinan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on social and family matters. | Addresses the rights and treatment of women and orphans. | Family law, social justice, and the rights of women. | Hadiths related to the verses in An-Nisa | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic family law and social justice. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 4 |
Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread) | Medina | Late Medinan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its legal and ethical guidance. | Addresses laws regarding pilgrimage, food, and leadership after the Prophet. | Law, justice, and the Day of Judgement. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Ma'idah | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic law and ethics. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 5 |
Al-An'am (The Cattle) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on monotheism. | Addresses the principles of religious beliefs, monotheism, and resurrection. | Monotheism, prophethood, and resurrection. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-An'am | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic theology and belief. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 6 |
Al-A'raf (The Heights) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of past nations. | Addresses the stories of past nations and the concept of guidance. | Guidance, consequences of disbelief, and repentance. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-A'raf | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 7 |
Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) | Medina | Early Median Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on warfare and trust in Allah. | Addresses the Battle of Badr and the distribution of spoils. | Warfare, trust in Allah, and obedience to the Prophet. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Anfal | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic moral rectitude, guidance on warfare, spiritual growth, religious texts, literature, and art. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 8 |
At-Tawbah (The Repentance) | Medina | 9th year of the Hijrah | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on repentance and treaties. | Revealed during the Expedition of Tabuk, addressing the disassociation from polytheists. | Repentance, treaties, and the consequences of breaking them. | Hadiths related to the verses in At-Tawbah | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings regarding repentance and treaties. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 9 |
Yunus (Jonah) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on faith and patience. | Addresses the story of Prophet Jonah and the importance of faith and patience. | Faith, patience, and the story of Prophet Jonah. | Hadiths related to the verses in Yunus | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings regarding faith and patience. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 10 |
Hud (Hud) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of past prophets. | Addresses the stories of past prophets and the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. | Faith, patience, and the stories of past prophets. | Hadiths related to the verses in Hud | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 11 |
Yusuf (Joseph) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its story of Prophet Joseph. | Narrates the story of Prophet Joseph and the lessons derived from his life. | Trials, patience, and divine wisdom. | Hadiths related to the verses in Yusuf | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 12 |
Ar-Ra'd | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on divine truth. | Addresses the truth of the divine message and the rejection by disbelievers. | Monotheism, resurrection, and divine signs. | Hadiths related to the verses in Ar-Ra'd | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 13 |
Ibrahim (Abraham) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on gratitude and faith. | Addresses the story of Prophet Abraham and the importance of gratitude and faith. | Gratitude, monotheism, and the story of Prophet Abraham. | Hadiths related to the verses in Ibrahim | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 14 |
Al-Hijr (The Rocky Tract) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on divine guidance. | Addresses the consequences of rejecting divine guidance and the stories of past communities. | Creation, resurrection, and the stories of past communities. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Hijr | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 15 |
An-Nahl (The Bee) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on divine blessings. | Highlights the numerous blessings of God and the importance of gratitude. | Divine blessings, monotheism, and gratitude. | Hadiths related to the verses in An-Nahl | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 16 |
Al-Isra (The Night Journey) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on ethical and moral conduct. | Describes Prophet Muhammad's miraculous night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to the heavens. | Ethical conduct, social obligations, and the Night Journey. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Isra | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 17 |
Al-Kahf (The Cave) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and particularly on Fridays for its protective benefits. | Addresses the transience of life and the limited knowledge humans possess through various narratives. | Faith, trials, and pursuit of knowledge. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Kahf | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 18 |
Maryam (Mary) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of past prophets. | Recounts the events leading up to the birth of Jesus and mentions many prophetic figures. | Faith, miracles, and the stories of past prophets. | Hadiths related to the verses in Maryam. | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 19 |
Taha (Taha) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its story of Prophet Moses. | Narrates the story of Prophet Moses in detail and emphasizes the existence of God. | Divine guidance, the story of Moses, and the existence of God. | Hadiths related to the verses in Taha. | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 20 |
Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) | Mecca | Late Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayed and studied for its stories of various prophets. | Focuses on the trials faced by prophets and their unwavering faith. | Stories of past prophets, divine judgement, and the Day of Judgement. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Anbiya | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 21 |
Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage) | Medina | Early Medinan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on the pilgrimage and principles of faith and accountability. | Emphasizes the importance of the pilgrimage to the Kaaba and the principles of faith and accountability. | Pilgrimage, faith, and accountability. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Hajj | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 22 |
Al-Mu'minun | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on the qualities of true believers. | Addresses the characteristics of true believers and the consequences of disbelief. | Faith, humility, and the characteristics of disbelief. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Mu'minun | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 23 |
An-Nur (The Light) | Medina | 6th year after Hijra | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on social ethics and morality. | Addresses issues of moral conduct, privacy, and accusations, particularly in the context of false allegations against Aisha. | Social ethics, morality, and the importance of maintaining a chaste and righteous society. | Hadiths related to the verses in An-Nur | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 24 |
Al-Furqan (The Criterion) | Mecca | Late Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its distinction between truth and falsehood. | Addresses the doubts and objections raised against the Quran and the Prophethood of Muhammad. | Distinction between truth and falsehood, characteristics of true believers, and stories of past nations. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Furqan | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 25 |
Ash-Shu'ara (The Poets) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of various prophets | Narrates the stories of various prophets and their rejection by their people. | Stories of past prophets, divine mercy, and the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. | Hadiths related to the verses in Ash-Shu'ara | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 26 |
An-Naml (The Ant) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of past nations and signs of Allah. | Emphasizes the signs of Allah in the natural world and the stories of past prophets. | Stories of past prophets, the signs of Allah in the natural world and the stories of past prophets. | Hadiths related to the verses in An-Naml | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 27 |
Al-Qasas (The Stories) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its detailed narratives of past prophets. | Provides detailed narratives of the life of Prophet Moses and other prophets. | Stories of past prophets, divine guidance, and the consequences of rejecting divine messages. | Hadiths related to the verses in An-Naml | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 28 |
Al-Ankabut (The Spider) | Mecca | Late Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on trials and patience. | Addresses the trials faced by believers and the importance of patience and reliance on Allah. | Trials, patience, and the stories of past prophets. | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Ankabut | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 29 |
Ar-Rum (The Romans) | Mecca | Late Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on the signs of Allah in history | Discusses the defeat and subsequent victory of the Romans and the lessons to be learned from historical events. | Signs of Allah, historical events, and the ultimate victory of truth. | Hadiths related to the verses in Ar-Rum | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 30 |
Luqman (Luqman) | Mecca | Late Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited prayers and studied for its wisdom and advice. | Contains the advice of Luqman to his son, emphasizing wisdom and moral conduct. | Wisdom, moral conductm and the importance of faith. | Hadiths related to the verses in Luqman | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 31 |
As-Sajdah | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited prayers and studied for its emphasis on prostration and submission to Allah. | Emphasizes the importance of recognising the signs of Allah and the reality of the Day of Judgement. | Prostration, signs of Allah, and the Day of Judgment | Hadiths related to the verses in As-Sajdah | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 32 |
Al-Ahzaab (The Combined Forces) | Medina | 5th year after Hijra | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its guidance on social and ethical conduct | Addresses the Battle of the Trench, the raid on Bani Quraizah, and the Prophet’s marriage to Zainab | Social ethics, the Battle of the Trench, and the importance of following the Prophet’s example | Hadiths related to the verses in Al-Ahzaab | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 33 |
Saba (Sheba) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its stories of past nations and signs of Allah. | Discusses the lives of Solomon and David, and the story of the people of Sheba. | Stories of past prophets, signs of Allah, and the Day of Judgment. | Hadiths related to the verses in Saba | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 34 |
Faatir | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its emphasis on recognizing Allah as the Creator | Emphasizes the recognition of Allah as the sole Creator and the importance of turning to Him in worship | Creation, monotheism, and the signs of Allah | Hadiths related to the verses in Faatir | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant impact on Islamic teachings and history. | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 35 |
Ya-Sin (Ya-Sin) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in daily prayers and special occasions. Studied for its emphasis on the prophethood of Muhammad and the resurrection. | Revealed during a time of increasing opposition to Prophet Muhammad’s message. The Surah emphasizes the importance of the Quran as a divine revelation and warns of the consequences of rejecting it. | Prophethood, resurrection, the Quran as a divine revelation, and the signs of Allah | Hadiths related to the verses in Ya-Sin | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Qur'an | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 36 |
As-Saaffaat (Those who set the Ranks) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarily Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Addressed to early Muslims facing persecution. The Surah emphasizes monotheism and warns polytheists while giving good news to believers. | Monotheism, stories of prophets, resurrection | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 37 |
Saad (The Letter Sad) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when Prophet Muhammad faced rejection from his tribe, the Quraysh. The Surah recounts stories of previous prophets and warns of the consequences of arrogance. | Stories of prophets, the consequences of arrogance, resurrection | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 38 |
Az-Zumar (The Troops) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of escalating persecution of Muslims by polytheists. The Surah emphasizes the Oneness of God and warns against associating partners with Him. | Monotheism, resurrection, the fate of disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 39 |
Ghafir (The Forgiver) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when disbelievers were creating suspicions about the teachings of the Quran and plotting against Prophet Muhammad. | Monotheism, the story of Moses, the fate of disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 40 |
Fussilat (Explained in Detail) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons |
Revealed during the early years of Prophet Muhammad’s mission when the disbelievers of Mecca opposed his message. | The Quran as a divine revelation, the fate of disbelievers, signs of Allah in creation | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 41 |
Ash-Shura (The Consultation) | Mecca | Middle Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Addressed to early Muslims facing persecution. The Surah emphasizes consultation and monotheism. | Consultation, monotheism, the fate of disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 42 |
Az-Zukhruf (The Gold Adornments) | Mecca | Second Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the Quraysh tribe opposed Prophet Muhammad’s message. The Surah emphasizes that true value lies in faith and not in material wealth. | The futility of idol worship, the reality of the afterlife, the rejection of materialism. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 43 |
Ad-Dukhan (The Smoke) | Mecca | Second Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of severe drought and famine in Mecca, which the disbelievers attributed to Prophet Muhammad’s message. | The punishment of disbelievers, the signs of Allah’s power, the story of Pharaoh and Moses. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 44 |
Al-Jaathiya (The Crouching) | Mecca | Second Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of increasing persecution of Muslims by the Quraysh tribe. | The signs of Allah in creation, the fate of disbelievers, the Day of Judgment. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 45 |
Al-Ahqaaf (The Wind-Curved Sandhills) | Mecca | Late Meccan period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the Quraysh tribe was increasingly hostile towards Prophet Muhammad and his followers. | The fate of the people of 'Ad, the importance of being virtuous towards parents, the story of the jinn who listened to the Quran. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 46 |
Muhammad (Muhammad) | Medina | After the Battle of Badr, 2AH (624 CE) | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed after the Battle of Badr, addressing the conflict between Muslims and the Quraysh tribe. | The characteristics of believers and disbelievers, the consequences of disbelief, the rewards for believers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 47 |
Al-Fath (The Victory) | Medina | 6 AH (628 CE), after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was a pivotal moment in the early Islamic community. | The victory granted by Allah, the importance of faith and obedience, the rewards for believers. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 48 |
Al-Hujuraat (The Rooms) | Medina | After the Migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the social and moral conduct of the Muslim community in Medina. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining good manners, unity, and respect within the community | Manners, social behavior, unity, and the importance of verifying information | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 49 |
Qaaf (The Letter Qaf) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the Quraysh tribe was skeptical of the concept of resurrection. The Surah emphasizes the reality of resurrection and the Day of Judgment. | Resurrection, the Day of Judgment, the power of Allah. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 50 |
Adh-Dhariyaat (The Winnowing Winds) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca were rejecting the message of Islam. The Surah emphasizes the signs of Allah in creation and warns of the consequences of disbelief | The power and precision of Allah’s creation, the consequences of rejecting the truth, the reward for the righteous | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 51 |
At-Tur (The Mount) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca were questioning the message of Islam. The Surah emphasizes the inevitability of the Day of Judgment and the consequences of disbelief | The power and authority of Allah, the consequences of disbelief, the Day of Judgment | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 52 |
An-Najm (The Star) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca were questioning the divine source of the Prophet’s message. The Surah confirms the divine source of the Prophet’s message and refers to his ascension to heaven during the Night Journey | The divine source of the Prophet’s message, the ascension to heaven, the Day of Judgment | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 53 |
Al-Qamar (The Moon) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca were demanding miracles from Prophet Muhammad. The Surah refers to the splitting of the Moon as a sign of the Judgment Day | The splitting of the Moon, the Day of Judgment, the consequences of disbelief | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 54 |
Ar-Rahman (The Beneficent) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca mocked the concept of a merciful God | The mercy and blessings of Allah, the signs of Allah’s power in creation, the accountability of jinn and mankind | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 55 |
Al-Waqi’a (The Inevitable) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time when the disbelievers of Mecca were skeptical about the afterlife | The Day of Judgment, the division of people into three groups (the foremost, the people of the right, and the people of the left), the rewards and punishments in the afterlife | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 56 |
Al-Hadid (The Iron) | Medina | After the migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a critical time when Islam was engaged in a struggle against Arab paganism | The glorification of Allah, the importance of charity, the contrast between the present life and the hereafter | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 57 |
Al-Mujadila (The Pleading Woman) | Medina | After the Battle of the Trench (5 AH) | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the legality of the pre-Islamic method of divorce called zihar | The prohibition of zihar, the importance of justice and fairness, the contrast between the confederates of God and the confederates of Satan | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 58 |
Al-Hashr (The Exile) | Medina | After the expulsion of the Banu Nadir tribe | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed after the expulsion of the Jewish Banu Nadir tribe from Medina | The glorification of Allah, the consequences of disobedience, the importance of establishing a just society | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 59 |
Al-Mumtahina (She that is to be examined) | Medina | After the Treaty of Hudabiyyah | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the examination of the faith of women migrating from Mecca to Medina | The examination of the faith of migrant women, the importance of loyalty to the Muslim community, the prohibition of alliances with disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 60 |
As-Saff (The Ranks) | Medina | After the Battle of Uhud | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a period closely following the Battle of Uhud. The Surah exhorts Muslims to adopt sincerity in faith and to struggle with their lives in the cause of Allah | Sincerity in faith, struggle in the cause of Allah, the importance of unity | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 61 |
Al-Jumu’a (The Congregation) | Medina | After the migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to emphasize the significance of the Friday congregational prayer and the importance of seeking knowledge and understanding | The importance of Friday prayer, seeking knowledge, the role of the Prophet | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 62 |
Al-Munafiqun (The Hypocrites) | Medina | During or after the campaign against Banu Al-Mustaliq (6 AH) | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the behavior of hypocrites in Medina, particularly focusing on their conduct during the time of the Prophet | Hypocrisy, the consequences of hypocrisy, the importance of sincerity | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 63 |
At-Taghabun (The Mutual Disillusion) | Medina | After the migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the challenges faced by new Muslims who were migrating to Medina and facing rejection from their families | Faith, obedience, the Day of Judgment, the consequences of disbelief | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 64 |
At-Talaq (The Divorce) | Medina | After the migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to provide guidance on the proper procedures and etiquettes of divorce | Divorce, the waiting period (iddah), the importance of justice and fairness. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 65 |
At-Tahrim (The Prohibition) | Medina | After the conquest of Khayber (7 AH) | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address an incident involving the wives of the Prophet Muhammad and to provide lessons on personal conduct and seeking forgiveness | Prohibition, personal conduct, repentance, the examples of the wives of the prophets | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 66 |
Al-Mulk (The Sovereignty) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of persecution for early Muslims, providing comfort and reassurance | The power and sovereignty of Allah, the creation of the universe, the purpose of life, and the consequences of disbelief | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 67 |
Al-Qalam (The Pen) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of strong verbal opposition to the Prophet Muhammad | The Prophet’s character, the consequences of disbelief, the story of the gardeners as a warning | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 68 |
Al-Haqqah (The Reality) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during the early days of the Prophet’s proclamation | The Day of Judgment, the fate of past nations, the truth of the Quran | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 69 |
Al-Ma’arij (The Ascending Stairways) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed in response to the disbelievers’ mockery of the Resurrection | The Day of Judgment, human nature, the qualities of true believers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 70 |
Nuh (Noah) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during a time of strong opposition to the Prophet | The story of Prophet Noah, the consequences of rejecting his message | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 71 |
Al-Jinn (The Jinn) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the interaction between jinn and the Prophet | The nature of jinn, their acknowledgment of the Quran, the importance of monotheism | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 72 |
Al-Muzzammil (The Enshrouded One) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed during the early days of Prophet Muhammad’s mission, emphasizing the importance of night prayer and patience in the face of opposition | Night prayer, patience, the Quran’s recitation | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 73 |
Al-Muddathir (The Cloaked One) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed shortly after the first revelation, calling Prophet Muhammad to arise and warn the people | The call to prophethood, the Day of Judgment, the consequences of disbelief | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 74 |
Al-Qiyamah (The Resurrection) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the deniers of the Hereafter, providing strong arguments for the resurrection | The Day of Judgment, resurrection, the fate of disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 75 |
Al-Insan (Man) | Medina | After the migration to Medina | Arabic | Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to emphasize the creation and purpose of human beings, and the consequences of their actions. | Human creation, the purpose of life, the rewards and punishments in the afterlife. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 76 |
Al-Mursalat (The Emissaries) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to affirm the Resurrection and Hereafter, warning of the consequences of disbelief. | The Day of Judgment, the fate of past peoples, the creation of humans | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 77 |
An-Naba (The Tidings) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address the disbelievers’ skepticism about the Day of Judgment | The Day of Judgment, the reality of the Hereafter, the contrast between the righteous and the disbelievers | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 78 |
An-Nazi’at (Those who drag forth) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to affirm the Resurrection and the Hereafter | The Day of Judgment, the fate of past nations, the story of Moses | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 79 |
Abasa (He frowned) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address an incident involving the Prophet Muhammad and a blind man. | The importance of humility, the Day of Judgment, the consequences of disbelief. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 80 |
At-Takwir (The Overthrowing) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to describe the apocalyptic events of the Day of Judgment. | The end times, the signs of the Day of Judgment, the truth of the Quran. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 81 |
Al-Infitar (The Cleaving) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to emphasize the reality of the Day of Judgment. | The Day of Judgment, the accountability of human actions, the consequences of disbelief. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 82 |
Al-Mutaffifin (Defrauding) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to address dishonesty in business transactions. | Honesty in trade, the consequences of cheating, the Day of Judgment. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 83 |
Al-Inshiqaq (The Splitting Open) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to describe the cosmic upheaval on the Day of Judgment. | The Day of Judgment, the consequences of human actions, the ultimate justice of Allah. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 84 |
Al-Buruj (The Mansions of the Stars) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to strengthen the spirit of the believers facing persecution. | The constellations, the Day of Judgment, the fate of the believers and disbelievers. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 85 |
t-Tariq (The Morning Star) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied for its lessons | Revealed to emphasize the power and authority of Allah. | The night star, the creation of humans, the Day of Judgment. | Various Hadiths | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts in museums and libraries | Significant in Islamic literature and art | None major | Canonical | 0 | 86 |
Al-A’la (The Most High) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Exaltation of Allah, creation, guidance, and the Hereafter | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 87 |
Al-Ghashiyah (The Overwhelming) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Day of Judgment, consequences of actions, creation | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 88 |
Al-Fajr (The Dawn) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Oaths by natural phenomena, destruction of past nations, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 89 |
Al-Balad (The City) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Human struggle, moral choices, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 90 |
Ash-Shams (The Sun) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Oaths by natural phenomena, human soul, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 91 |
Al-Layl (The Night) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during the early period of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad was preaching in Mecca | Contrast between the righteous and the wicked, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 92 |
Ad-Duha (The Morning Brightness) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed during a period of pause in revelation, providing comfort and reassurance to the Prophet Muhammad | Divine comfort, gratitude, patience, social welfare | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 93 |
Ash-Sharh (The Relief) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed to console and encourage the Prophet Muhammad during the early days of his prophethood | Comfort, reassurance, divine support, perseverance | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 94 |
At-Tin (The Fig) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Emphasizes the creation of humans in the best form and their potential for righteousness | Creation, human nature, faith, righteousness | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 95 |
Al-Alaq (The Clot) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Marks the beginning of the revelation of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad | Creation, knowledge, divine guidance | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 96 |
Al-Qadr (The Power) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Celebrates the night when the first revelation of the Quran was sent down | Night of Power, divine decree, significance of the Quran | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 97 |
Al-Bayyinah (The Clear Proof) | Medina | Medinan period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Emphasizes the importance of clear evidence and proof in matters of faith | Clear evidence, distinction between believers and disbelievers, sincerity, righteousness | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 98 |
Az-Zalzalah (The Earthquake) | Medina | Medinan period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Describes the Day of Judgment and the final earthquake | Accountability, resurrection, judgment | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 99 |
Al-Adiyat (The Courser) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Uses imagery of war horses to highlight human ingratitude | Human ingratitude, resurrection, judgment | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 100 |
Al-Qari’ah (The Calamity) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Describes the Day of Judgment and its overwhelming events | Judgment Day, resurrection, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 101 |
At-Takathur (The Rivalry in World Increase) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Warns against the obsession with worldly gains | Materialism, accountability, the Hereafter | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 102 |
Al-Asr (The Declining Day) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Emphasizes the importance of time and righteous deeds | Time, faith, good deeds, patience | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 103 |
Al-Humazah (The Traducer) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Condemns slander and backbiting | Slander, backbiting, consequences of actions | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 104 |
Al-Fil (The Elephant) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Recounts the story of the Year of the Elephant, when an army led by Abraha tried to destroy the Kaaba | Divine intervention, protection of the Kaaba, power of Allah | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 105 |
Quraish (Quraish) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Highlights the blessings and favors bestowed upon the tribe of Quraish | Gratitude, security, provision | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 106 |
Al-Ma’un (The Small Kindnesses) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Addresses the importance of kindness, compassion, and fulfilling the rights of others | Social justice, kindness, hypocrisy | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 107 |
Al-Kawthar (The Abundance) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed to console the Prophet Muhammad and refute claims against him | Divine blessings, gratitude, sacrifice | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 108 |
Al-Kafirun (The Disbelievers) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | A response to the disbelievers’ proposal for compromise in worship | A response to the disbelievers’ proposal for compromise in worship | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 109 |
An-Nasr (The Divine Support) | Medina | Medinan period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Medinan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Marks the victory of Islam and the conquest of Mecca | Victory, divine support, gratitude | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 110 |
Al-Masad (The Palm Fiber) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Revealed as a response to the hostility of Abu Lahab and his wife towards the Prophet Muhammad | Divine justice, consequences of hostility towards the Prophet | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 111 |
Al-Ikhlas (The Sincerity) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Emphasizes the oneness of Allah, refuting polytheistic beliefs | Monotheism, uniqueness of Allah | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 112 |
Al-Falaq (The Daybreak) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Seeks refuge in Allah from various forms of evil | Protection, seeking refuge, divine help | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 113 |
An-Nas (The Mankind) | Mecca | Early Meccan Period | Arabic | Primarly Islam | Meccan | Recited in prayers and studied by Muslims worldwide | Seeks refuge in Allah from the evil of whisperings and temptations | Protection, seeking refuge, divine help | Hadith mentioning the recitation of this Surah in prayers | Available in multiple languages | Manuscripts of the Quran | Significant in Islamic prayers and literature | None significant | Canonical | 0 | 114 |
Resources
bottom of page